Rheumatoid Arthritis
A chronic autoimmune disorder characterized by inflammation of the joints, leading to pain, swelling, stiffness, and potential joint damage
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a condition where the immune system mistakenly attacks the joints, causing inflammation. While the exact cause is unclear, it's thought to be due to a mix of genetic factors, environmental triggers, and hormonal changes. People with certain genes are more likely to develop RA, especially if they are exposed to things like infections, smoking, or certain chemicals.
The main symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis include joint pain, stiffness, and swelling, usually starting in the small joints of the hands and feet. These symptoms tend to affect both sides of the body equally. People with RA often feel very stiff in the morning, sometimes for more than 30 minutes. Besides joint problems, RA can also cause tiredness, fever, and weight loss. If not treated, the inflammation can lead to joint damage and deformities, making it hard to move and do daily activities.
To diagnose RA, we use a combination of physical exams, blood tests, and imaging studies. We check for signs of joint inflammation and symmetry of symptoms. Blood tests look for specific antibodies and markers of inflammation, like rheumatoid factor (RF) and anti-CCP antibodies. Elevated levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) are also common in RA patients. Imaging techniques like X-rays and MRIs help us see the extent of joint damage and inflammation, which is important for both diagnosis and monitoring the disease over time.
Rheumatoid Arthritis FAQ
How is rheumatoid arthritis diagnosed?
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is diagnosed by a rheumatologist by evaluating your symptoms, doing a physical exam, and running blood tests. Common blood tests look for markers like rheumatoid factor (RF) and inflammation. X-rays or ultrasounds might also be used to check for joint damage.
What are the most common symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis?
The main symptoms of RA are joint pain, swelling, and stiffness, oftentimes in the small joints of the hands and feet. These symptoms usually happen on both sides of the body. Feeling tired and having stiff joints in the morning are also common.
Is rheumatoid arthritis hereditary?
RA isn’t directly passed down from parents to children, but genetics can increase the risk. If a family member has RA, you might have a higher chance of developing it. Other factors, like the environment and smoking, also play a role.
What does a positive rheumatoid factor (RF) mean?
A positive RF means that certain antibodies linked to RA are in your blood. But a positive RF doesn’t always mean you have RA—some healthy people can have it too. More tests are needed to be sure of the diagnosis.
What is the difference between rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis?
RA is an autoimmune disease that causes inflammation in the joints, while osteoarthritis (OA) is due to the natural wear and tear of joints over time. RA is distinguished by morning stiffness and involvement of both sides of the body, while OA is more likely to affect certain joints like the knees, hips, and base of the thumbs.